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  1. One hypothesis for the function of sleep is that it serves as a mechanism to conserve energy. Recent studies have suggested that increased sleep can be an adaptive mechanism to improve survival under food depr...

    Authors: Didem P. Sarikaya, Julie Cridland, Adam Tarakji, Hayley Sheehy, Sophia Davis, Ashley Kochummen, Ryan Hatmaker, Nossin Khan, Joanna Chiu and David J. Begun

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:126

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. The family Labridae made up of 519 species in the world. The functional evolution of the feeding-related jaws leaded to differentiation of species, and the pharyngeal jaw apparatus evolved independently, but e...

    Authors: Dong Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Ming Zhang, Jinquan Yang and Wenqiao Tang

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:125

    Content type: Research article

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  3. The aragonite shelled, planktonic gastropod family Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is likely to be one of the first groups to be impacted by imminent ocean changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidificat...

    Authors: Deborah Wall-Palmer, Arie W. Janssen, Erica Goetze, Le Qin Choo, Lisette Mekkes and Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:124

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  4. Hybridization is a central mechanism in evolution, producing new species or introducing important genetic variation into existing species. In plant-pathogenic fungi, adaptation and specialization to exploit a ...

    Authors: Britta Bueker, Marco Alexandre Guerreiro, Michael E. Hood, Andreas Brachmann, Sven Rahmann and Dominik Begerow

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:123

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  5. The majority of parthenogenetic vertebrates derive from hybridization between sexually reproducing species, but the exact number of hybridization events ancestral to currently extant clonal lineages is difficu...

    Authors: David Tarkhnishvili, Alexey Yanchukov, Mehmet Kürşat Şahin, Mariam Gabelaia, Marine Murtskhvaladze, Kamil Candan, Eduard Galoyan, Marine Arakelyan, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Çetin Ilgaz, Ferhat Matur, Faruk Çolak, Meriç Erdolu, Sofiko Kurdadze, Natia Barateli…

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:122

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  6. As global change and anthropogenic pressures continue to increase, conservation and management increasingly needs to consider species’ potential to adapt to novel environmental conditions. Therefore, it is imp...

    Authors: Erica S. Nielsen, Romina Henriques, Maria Beger, Robert J. Toonen and Sophie von der Heyden

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:121

    Content type: Research article

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  7. The three main subspecies of house mice, Mus musculus castaneus, Mus musculus domesticus, and Mus musculus musculus, are estimated to have diverged ~ 350-500KYA. Resolution of the details of their evolutionary hi...

    Authors: Megan Phifer-Rixey, Bettina Harr and Jody Hey

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:120

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Many species are threatened with extinction as their population sizes decrease with changing environments or face novel pathogenic threats. A reduction of genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex (MH...

    Authors: Christelle Vangenot, José Manuel Nunes, Gaby M. Doxiadis, Estella S. Poloni, Ronald E. Bontrop, Natasja G. de Groot and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:119

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  9. The Chinese Isoetes L. are distributed in a stairway pattern: diploids in the high altitude and polyploids in the low altitude. The allopolyploid I. sinensis and its diploid parents I. yunguiensis and I. taiwanen...

    Authors: Xiaokang Dai, Xiang Li, Yuqian Huang and Xing Liu

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:118

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  10. Nervous system development is an interplay of many processes: the formation of individual neurons, which depends on whole-body and local patterning processes, and the coordinated growth of neurites and synapse...

    Authors: Suman Kumar, Sharat Chandra Tumu, Conrad Helm and Harald Hausen

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:117

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Deep mitochondrial divergences were observed in Scandinavian populations of the terrestrial to semi-aquatic annelid Fridericia magna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae). This raised the need for testing whether the taxon...

    Authors: Svante Martinsson, Mårten Klinth and Christer Erséus

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:116

    Content type: Research article

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  12. In this study, we investigate species limits in the cyanobacterial lichen genus Rostania (Collemataceae, Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes). Four molecular markers (mtSSU rDNA, β-tubulin, MCM7, RPB2) were sequenced a...

    Authors: Alica Košuthová, Johannes Bergsten, Martin Westberg and Mats Wedin

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:115

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Understanding the structure and variability of adaptive loci such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is a primary research goal for evolutionary and conservation genetics. Typically, classical...

    Authors: Medardo Cruz-López, Guillermo Fernández, Helen Hipperson, Eduardo Palacios, John Cavitt, Daniel Galindo-Espinosa, Salvador Gómez del Angel, Raya Pruner, Oscar Gonzalez, Terry Burke and Clemens Küpper

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:114

    Content type: Research article

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  14. The Cyanidiophyceae is an early-diverged red algal class that thrives in extreme conditions around acidic hot springs. Although this lineage has been highlighted as a model for understanding the biology of ext...

    Authors: Chung Hyun Cho, Seung In Park, Claudia Ciniglia, Eun Chan Yang, Louis Graf, Debashish Bhattacharya and Hwan Su Yoon

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:112

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:132

  16. The distribution of genetic diversity and the underlying processes are important for conservation planning but are unknown for most species and have not been well studied in many regions. In East Asia, the Sic...

    Authors: Yuchi Zheng, Qiang Dai, Xianguang Guo and Xiaomao Zeng

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:111

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  17. Island systems offer excellent opportunities for studying the evolutionary histories of species by virtue of their restricted size and easily identifiable barriers to gene flow. However, most studies investiga...

    Authors: Simon T. Maddock, Ronald A. Nussbaum, Julia J. Day, Leigh Latta, Mark Miller, Debra L. Fisk, Mark Wilkinson, Sara Rocha, David J. Gower and Michael E. Pfrender

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:110

    Content type: Research article

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  18. For decades, codon usage has been used as a measure of adaptation for translational efficiency and translation accuracy of a gene’s coding sequence. These patterns of codon usage reflect both the selective and...

    Authors: Cedric Landerer, Brian C. O’Meara, Russell Zaretzki and Michael A. Gilchrist

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:109

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  19. Studies on marine community dynamics and population structures are limited by the lack of exhaustive knowledge on the larval dispersal component of connectivity. Genetic data represents a powerful tool in unde...

    Authors: A. Iannucci, S. Cannicci, I. Caliani, M. Baratti, C. Pretti and S. Fratini

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:108

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  20. Amber has been reported from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation, as isolated clasts or within plant tissues. Undescribed cones of uncertain gymnosperm affinity have also been recovered with amber preserved i...

    Authors: Leyla J. Seyfullah, Emily A. Roberts, Alexander R. Schmidt, Eugenio Ragazzi, Ken B. Anderson, Daniel Rodrigues do Nascimento Jr., Wellington Ferreira da Silva Filho and Lutz Kunzmann

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:107

    Content type: Research article

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  21. The Caribbean offers a unique opportunity to study evolutionary dynamics in insular mammals. However, the recent extinction of most Caribbean non-volant mammals has obstructed evolutionary studies, and poor DN...

    Authors: Roseina Woods, Samuel T. Turvey, Selina Brace, Christopher V. McCabe, Love Dalén, Emily J. Rayfield, Mark J. F. Brown and Ian Barnes

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:106

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Pseudogamy is a reproductive system in which females rely on the sperm of males to activate their oocytes, generally parasitizing males of other species, but do not use the sperm DNA. The nematode Mesorhabditis b...

    Authors: Caroline Launay, Marie-Anne Félix, Joris Dieng and Marie Delattre

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:105

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Microbiomes can have profound impacts on host biology and evolution, but to date, remain vastly understudied in spiders despite their unique and diverse predatory adaptations. This study evaluates closely rela...

    Authors: Sara J. Dunaj, Brian R. Bettencourt, Jessica E. Garb and Robert M. Brucker

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:104

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. Vertebrates exhibit diverse sex determination systems and reptiles stand out by having highly variable sex determinations that include temperature-dependent and genotypic sex determination (TSD and GSD, respec...

    Authors: Paola Cornejo-Páramo, Andrés Lira-Noriega, Ciro Ramírez-Suástegui, Fausto R. Méndez-de-la-Cruz, Tamás Székely, Araxi O. Urrutia and Diego Cortez

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:103

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. Women’s morphological femininity is perceived to develop under the influence of sex hormones and to serve as a cue of estradiol level, fertility and health in mating context. However, as the studies on direct ...

    Authors: Agnieszka Żelaźniewicz, Judyta Nowak and Bogusław Pawłowski

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:102

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. Distant hybridization between the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina (♀) and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (♂) was successfully performed under laboratory conditions. A new variety of hybrid sea ...

    Authors: Yaoyao Zhan, Jingxian Sun, Yingying Li, Dongyao Cui, Weijie Zhang, Limeng Yang and Yaqing Chang

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:101

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  27. Under the threat of climate change populations can disperse, acclimatise or evolve in order to avoid fitness loss. In light of this, it is important to understand neutral gene flow patterns as a measure of dis...

    Authors: Anna P. Muir, Stanislas F. Dubois, Rebecca E. Ross, Louise B. Firth, Antony M. Knights, Fernando P. Lima, Rui Seabra, Erwan Corre, Gildas Le Corguillé and Flavia L. D. Nunes

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:100

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. Many animals rely heavily on olfaction to navigate their environment. Among rodents, olfaction is crucial for a wide range of social behaviors. The vomeronasal olfactory system in particular plays an important...

    Authors: Caitlin H. Miller, Polly Campbell and Michael J. Sheehan

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:99

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Convergent and parallel evolution provide unique insights into the mechanisms of natural selection. Some of the most striking convergent and parallel (collectively recurrent) amino acid substitutions in proteins ...

    Authors: Samuel H. A. von der Dunk and Berend Snel

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:98

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Was there a mid-Cenozoic vertebrate extinction and recovery event in Madagascar and, if so, what are its implications for the evolution of lemurs? The near lack of an early and mid-Cenozoic fossil record on Ma...

    Authors: Laurie R. Godfrey, Karen E. Samonds, Justin W. Baldwin, Michael R. Sutherland, Jason M. Kamilar and Kristen L. Allfisher

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:97

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. Chloroplast genome sequence data is very useful in studying/addressing the phylogeny of plants at various taxonomic ranks. However, there are no empirical observations on the patterns, directions, and mutation...

    Authors: Wenpan Dong, Chao Xu, Jun Wen and Shiliang Zhou

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:96

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. Adaptive radiations are characterized by extreme and/or iterative phenotypic divergence; however, such variation does not accumulate evenly across an organism. Instead, it is often partitioned into sub-units, ...

    Authors: Andrew J. Conith, Michael R. Kidd, Thomas D. Kocher and R. Craig Albertson

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:95

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Diana Gabriela Hernández-Langford, María Elena Siqueiros-Delgado and Eduardo Ruíz-Sánchez

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:94

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:44

  34. The adaptive significance of phenotypic changes elicited by environmental conditions experienced early in life has long attracted attention in evolutionary biology. In this study, we used Drosophila melanogaster ...

    Authors: Peter Klepsatel, Diana Knoblochová, Thirnahalli Nagaraj Girish, Heinrich Dircksen and Martina Gáliková

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:93

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Hypotrichia are a group with the most complex morphology and morphogenesis within the ciliated protists. The classification of Gastrostyla-like species, a taxonomically difficult group of hypotrichs with a common...

    Authors: Xiaoteng Lu, Yuanyuan Wang, Saleh A. Al-Farraj, Hamed El-Serehy, Jie Huang and Chen Shao

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:92

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. The SIAMESE (SIM) locus is a cell-cycle kinase inhibitor (CKI) gene that has to date been identified only in plants; it encodes a protein that promotes transformation from mitosis to endoreplication. Members of t...

    Authors: Zhengquan Zhang, Jianzhou Qu, Feifei Li, Silu Li, Shutu Xu, Renhe Zhang, Jiquan Xue and Dongwei Guo

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:91

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Tumors are widely recognized to progress through clonal evolution by sequentially acquiring selectively advantageous genetic alterations that significantly contribute to tumorigenesis and thus are termned driv...

    Authors: Patrick Grossmann, Simona Cristea and Niko Beerenwinkel

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:89

    Content type: Methodology article

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  39. Old World porcupines (Family: Hystricidae) are the third-largest rodents and inhabit southern Europe, Asia, and most regions of Africa. They are a typical indicator of warm climate and their distribution is re...

    Authors: Guilian Sheng, Jiaming Hu, Haowen Tong, Bastien Llamas, Junxia Yuan, Xindong Hou, Shungang Chen, Bo Xiao and Xulong Lai

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:88

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Although phylogenomic analyses are increasingly used to reveal evolutionary relationships among ciliates, relatively few nuclear protein-coding gene markers have been tested for their suitability as candidates...

    Authors: Qi Zhang, Jiahui Xu, Alan Warren, Ran Yang, Zhuo Shen and Zhenzhen Yi

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:86

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the active transportation of various endogenous or exogenous substances. Two ABCG2 gene subfamily members have been identified in birds. A detailed comparat...

    Authors: Shengchao Ma, Hehe Liu, Wenqiang Sun, Ahsan Mustafa, Yang Xi, Fajun Pu, Yanying Li, Chunchun Han, Lili Bai and He Hua

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:85

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Diverse architectures of nervous systems (NSs) such as a plexus in cnidarians or a more centralized nervous system (CNS) in insects and vertebrates are present across Metazoa, but it is unclear what selection ...

    Authors: A. Sur, A. Renfro, P. J. Bergmann and N. P. Meyer

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:84

    Content type: Research article

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  44. We have described the diversity of complete mtDNA sequences from ‘relic’ groups of the Russian Far East, primarily the Nivkhi (who speak a language isolate with no clear relatedness to any others) and Oroki of...

    Authors: Stanislav V. Dryomov, Elena B. Starikovskaya, Azhar M. Nazhmidenova, Igor V. Morozov and Rem I. Sukernik

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:83

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Quaternary climate fluctuations are an engine of biotic diversification. Global cooling cycles, such as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), are known to have fragmented the ranges of higher-latitude fauna and flor...

    Authors: Kritika M. Garg, Balaji Chattopadhyay, Bonny Koane, Katerina Sam and Frank E. Rheindt

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:82

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. The origin of turtles and crocodiles and their easily recognized body forms dates to the Triassic and Jurassic. Despite their long-term success, extant species diversity is low, and endangerment is extremely h...

    Authors: Timothy J. Colston, Pallavi Kulkarni, Walter Jetz and R. Alexander Pyron

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:81

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Fangs are a putative key innovation that revolutionized prey capture and feeding in snakes, and – along with their associated venom phenotypes – have made snakes perhaps the most medically-significant vertebra...

    Authors: Erin P. Westeen, Andrew M. Durso, Michael C. Grundler, Daniel L. Rabosky and Alison R. Davis Rabosky

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:80

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Metamorphosis remains one of the most complicated and poorly understood processes in insects. This is particularly so for the very dynamic transformations that take place within the pupal sheath of holometabol...

    Authors: Chenjing Zhao, Yuchen Ang, Mengqing Wang, Caixia Gao, Kuiyan Zhang, Chufei Tang, Xingyue Liu, Min Li, Ding Yang and Rudolf Meier

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:79

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Tree squirrels (Sciuridae, Sciurini), in particular the highly diverse Neotropical lineages, are amongst the most rapidly diversifying branches of the mammal tree of life but also some of the least known. Negl...

    Authors: Edson Fiedler de Abreu-Jr, Silvia E. Pavan, Mirian T. N. Tsuchiya, Don E. Wilson, Alexandre R. Percequillo and Jesús E. Maldonado

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2020 20:77

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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